Heater construction



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March 22, 1932. V1'. E. I ANDvolGT HEATER CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 18, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet I5 March 22, 1932. T. E. LANDVOIGT HEATER CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 18, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 I llllllll|lllllllllll|||l||||ll|l QN* NWN um March 22, 1932. T. E. LANDvolGT HEATER CONSTRUCTION Filed sept. 18, 1928y 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Mardi 22, 1932. T, E, LANDVC|GT 1,850,678

HEATER CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 18, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 i iit Patented Mar.` 22, ,.1932 y y igssotis- NATIONAL RADIATORCORPORATION, or JoHNstroWMrENNsYLvANm, ACOBLPORA#y mronior DELAWARE] nmrniftconsrmiccrionf My invention relates toan improvement iny Y Vheater constructions, and .more Vparfticu'larly to,y heaters vkorfsmallI buildings such as houses .t Vand storesf f 5 y [In'heati-ng; isolated'buildingsof relatively small size,`fsuch` as"storesk and residences, fhot Water and lon7 pressure steam systems arefextensively utilized.kr Such systems comprises heater-forheatingtlie kWater lor generating. 1"0 steam,- as' may be desired. The heater" is A passed throughya' nest of tubes, eitherstraight Y o'ricuryed,VV connectedl '.betw'ireenE two headers. vzo` Infsome' constructionsiftli'e i flames' pass; up@ Wardly; through a metallic druinfinY Whlch the yheated"Waterfcirculates.' there V tubes are 'utilizeddiili'culty is experienced in joining the'fiipes 'of dilterent' lengths and shapesto rthe* headers, Anexpensive Welding, beading, or threading@ operation is necessary. Where cylindrical:drumsy are utilized, an imperfection in any part; ot .theQdrum lenders i the whole 'drum unfit for-inse.

, Provision has heretofore"v been the LWater-for steam beingy deliyeredfby: the

- l1eater'.""Sch regulating systemsfhave not,

taken into account the chilling eliect cfg-the air draft; through? the `vheater. after the Haine liasbeen reducedor extinguished. The draft, -ofa-i'r continues to pass through the heater contac'tto a temperaturebelow that of other Y* parts of Zthe heater andithe fluid contained Vtherein-i yByithe ,time that the temperature of-"the fluid has been reduced suiiiciently to cause'theflameto be increasedorrelit, 'the 45 l yappreciable periodot time elapses before yit y -tio'ns is such as to expose :a larga-volume of,v

met'al-y of thejiue has been so vchilledlthat an 'isagain-li'eated to a Valuesuchfas to transmit Vheat fto A the iuid.engagingfit. ThisA loss "of ,Y time or lag-results' iii-ay delay in restoring ,the

fluidtofthe temperature at which fit is :desired made for 'finore` tube than the sections at each vside of it.Y regulatingithe amount 'o'fffu'el' supplied to the 'heater 'i'naccorclaiice *with* the 'condition of y *through the" heater,"r thereby increasing `the VAarcani: heat-transfer and thespeedgofheatt ing the Water; Movement of the gasesa'nd 'fflames longitudinally of-thesections iis se'- cure'd by kplacing'the/openingin. the yWebs of adjacent sections in staggered relation;y `L

` To preventa periodof lag Abetween the f90 1 heater and the 'period' Whenr the increasefinancl chills the meta'lfwithl which it comes in theiiquifiiisfbestede,

lto `"inaii'itaiiiit vfor heatingy jof the building@j .Y

If'provide'a he'aterii'irwhich the tubesandi` headers are cast "integral and in sections.

The sections are vassembled g insuperimposed` 5" relation.A AClamping means are providedzfor holdingythe sections together and''permittingr4 Threaded, orfyvelded` i 6 tions :are eliminated.

joints between thesec y,the replacement of a defectivesectionWithv out the necessity otdiscardingfother sections.

` The u sections are preferablyplaced Vin .a Y

sloping position, departingl a vfewy degrees from the horizontal, althoughgit "is toi be understood` @that `for certain.. purposesl ythe sections can be mounted in `ak Verticalposl-4k tion.-f-`j- A Inorder to insure tliat theflanies 'andheat- .Y ved-'g'as'es shall transmit' thermal energy-to diation,the openingsl in the sections betvi'zeeny the sections by convectionirather thanbyra- 'thev tubes'are y staggered in both longitudinaland transyersendirections; Transverse movenientbfthe gasesand flames between'` the sections is secured by providingalternate seci tions With ditei'entnunibers ot'tubes. The

spaces `between tlieftubes are ll'ed i'with metallic Webs in which openings'a formed. Preferablyone section is..provided Withione lighting or increasing of 'the fflame in vthe thermal `energybecoines eective. upon theliquid in the heateI ,-I provide means for closing the air yent orventsat `the bottom of the c lieateryvhen the supply* of fuel is curtailed. The construction and disposition ofthe secf rapidity vwith which 7.1; v. d100 I have also provided improvements in certain of the details of construction of the heater which are hereinafter more fully explained. Y

The accompanying drawings illustrate ce1*- tain preferred'embodiments of the invention. in which f Figure 1 is a view of aY heater embodying my invention withgthejouter'casing removed, l i 'Figure 2 is a front viewof the'heater,

Figure 3 is a rear view thereof, y n, Figure 4 is a front view of the heater with the casing removed taken, along section line IV-IV of Figure 1, f Figure. 5 is a plan view of the heatertaken along the section line V-V of Figure l,

i' Figure 6 is a sectional view of ya modified form of. the heater with the casing removed, n thesectionsy being taken alonga line corresponding to the section line of Figure 4, Figure 7 is a sectional view of aportion of the heater shown in Figure 6, correspondingy tothe section shown in Figure 1,y

:Figure 8` is a longitudinal sectional view through the heating sections showing the arrangement of openings for securing a zig-zag movement of gases and flames longitudinal of the sections, l Y 5 `Figurev 9 is a transverse sectional view on an venlarged scale ,of the heating sections taken substantially along the section line 1X1-IX of Figure 8, a6 n Figure. 10 is a` plan view of one heating kFigure 11 is a plan view of another heating section, y

Figure 12 is aplan view of a modified vform vofthe invention in which a plurality' of heating units are connected in side-by-side rela,-

Fi'g'ure'll'isan enlarged sectional detail yviewof the damper, andy Figure 14 is aisectional detail view on an .enlarged scale of a. portion of the insulating lining. f v

Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, a heaterf2 embodying one form of my invention is -illustrated.- The heater is adaptedfor use withdifferent types of liquid. yFor heating `houses' and stores, it is customary to pass water through they heater. The `water maybe circulated4 lto remotely disposed radiators at 'lx-temperature slightly below its boiling point, where hot water heating systems arev used.

The heater may also be used to generate low `pressure steam for transmission to the radiators if a steam heating system is utilizedin conjunctionwiththeheater.

The heater comprises a cast iron base 4 `itnwhich a oombustion'chamber is formed. vBul-ners 6 are, mounted in the combustion chamber. The burners 6 may be of different forms although vI prefer to use an elongated Y double tube burner having va i large number longitudinal side elevational Y mounted externally of the casing 4. Pipe connections between the mixing valves 8 and the burners 6 extend through supporting openings 9 in the front wall of the base 4. The burners arealso supported substantially at their mid-points by rods 10 extending vtransversely of the heater.

The mixing valves are connected to a common header 11. Pilot lights 12 are disposed between the burners 6k and are connected to a feederrpipe 14 running along the front face of the base` 4. An escape pipe 15, hereinafter more fullydescribed, terminates adjacent one of the pilot lights 12.

l The topv of thefbase 42 is provided with flanges 16 for securing a housingV thereto. Openings 17 are provided for clam ing bolts 18.v Openings l19 directlyover the urners 6 extendrsubstantially the entire len Ah of the base 4 for permitting the-escape of ames and hot gases into the heating vsections disposed above the base. `The bottom ofthe base is provided with legs v20that space a platel21 defining the bottom of the combustion chamber 5 a distance from the floor. yThe plate 21 rests upon flanges 22 formed in the base 4. s Referring particularly to Figure 5,*1l0ngitudinally extending openings 24kare'formyard inV the plate21 beneath the burners. During vthe burning operation a draft of air is permitted toenter the combustion chamber Y5 throughthe openings 24 for supplementing the air supplied by the mixing valves 8.

yIf desired, closure plates 26, shown in Figures 1, 4 and 6, may be placed between the 'edges vof theburners 6 and the inner walls of the base 4 to Vinsure that the air entering thecombustion chamber through the open- .ings 24 passes through the openings between the columns of theseveral burners 6. I f the draft traversing the openings 24 is not curtailed when the supply of fuel to the burners 6 'is reduced, as hereinafter morel fully described, the draft continues to pass upwardly throughfthe heating vsections and chills the surface .ofl the metal to a temperature below that at which the fluid in the heater is to be maintained. Y n

Whenthe burners are againignitedor supplied with more fuel, an appreciable amount of time is lost in heating up the chilledmetal before the additional heat acts upon the Huid in the heater. To prevent the occurrence of such a heat lag in the heater, the openings 24 are automatically closed by dampers 25 when ythesupply of fuel to the burners is reduced. Forthis purpose the dempers 25 are carried crank arms hereinafter described.

tin,

j There: aref-twolfshapesl ofiheating sections y `utilized' `each 'heatir'igp` Referring-t0 Figure 10, a gheatingfsectioni-29i comprises fa@ plurality of columns for -tubes 30.' separated by fmetallicwebs 31. By Way of illustrationand not by way of. `linntation, thesection 29 "is shown as havingvziiv'ei-tubes kandffour Webs.

-afnipple receiving openingll tormedtherein. The nipple receivinglopenin'gs 34 are of the conventionalishape :cominonto radiators for 'the freceptiongof. connecting nipples Perforated Aears "larerformed at thecorners of the sectionjfor the receptionkof the rboltslS.

'Projections-.36 `are Vformed 'along the outer edges of. the section forjlaterally connecting Vofea'ch of the Websil; The section 29'is made byf casting, thereby eliminating 'the necessity of connecting Ithetubes Olftothe headers 32j y y As shownlin Figure 12,1`the heating units' by any. sort ot'join't.

f unit:l lBy Wayof,illustration; the sections/40k are-shown as being-provided with four tubes.` y "'llhespacesb'etween the tubes' are filled with f*30 Referring to Figure 111; -lieating sections 40 ,j 1 having la different number of tubes '-41xfthanl 1 the'sections`29farefprovide'd for insertion between the-sections 29 in' the assembled heater openings 44 fare placed near-the' ends ot vthe "Webs" rather than at the center, as inthe v'seotions 29. Y-Heaclers-t'-fare provided for the openings 34. f' The 'Sections 1.1.0 are-not provided 4AWith-earsrjtor the-reception ofthe clamping rods. f

V1n lassembling a heaterunit, the sections 29` and 40 'arey mounted kin-a vsloping positifon departing fromthe horizontal by aitevv degrees.

' VThe sections29and 40 are jarrangedalternately Pipenipples are-placed between the A openings `34 .and 46, and all are pressedtol getherlin large presses. The slip connection thusiformed prevents the necessity of thread- "ed:l or Welded jointsfa'nd permits the ready 'separation'otthe sections should it be desirable to separate'themjfor repair purposes. vThe clampingrods 18'are then passed through ythe ears 35 andseated in theopenings 17.

, Nuts 47 arethen drawn dovvnonthe ears 35 ofthev upper section 29. l Due :to the fact thatthe sections 29 and 40 have different numbers of tubes, the gases traversing the yheating.sectionvr are caused to niove'laterally of the different sections as illustratedby the arror'vsin Figure 9. By reasonot the staggered disposition ofthe opening'sf? and 44 of the-sections29 and 4l, respectively, the gases arefals'o'fcausedto follovv a 'zig-zag course longitudinally of the heating 'unitfas' shown by arrows in Figure 8) Asa Vresult ofthe Zig-Zagfmovement of thegases and lamesfl'atera-lly :fands longitudinally of -tiallyverticalpositions. l" f A The ydome is provided "With an,` internal j stack '-forremoving theproductsy of corn--` *bust-ion from the heating units. 'A discharge -pi'pe 5 8 ffor` the dome '49communioates vvith radiators or otherzdevices not showni f eaoh'heating ,unit;l.the1.gases1are substantially all brought into direct contactwithfsubstantia'lly yall ofthe surfacesot the different secv tions, thereby lincreasing the volume of liquid exposed togthe. heatedl gases and theA rate of heat exchange. y. y Y Fluid issupplied; tothe lowest section *29 f The tubes fOzterminate inr a headerj32"'ha'vingr f oftheheatingunit by'a. pipe 48. Due tothe.

the y'nipple connections atthe endslthereof.'

, A'lfhe heating units constituted-'by the alterx natelyvarranged sections 29 and 40 may-'be spaced side-by-side-as shown in F igures4fand permitfluid communication, if desired.` -V 1 may l Valso beV Rai-ranged .1 to Vabut end-,to-end,

lItis 4toi-@be understood that by-multiplying the connections vshown fin: f Figure l"-`l2,"f"the vvidth'of the'heat'er mayffbe increased ras Well 12, lor they may bejusedsi-ngly as .shownjin 1 .Figure 6. Where thesections are placed'side- -by=side,fthe projections 586' betvveenthe iedges of 'the adjacent sections-29 rrmaybe Aopenedjl tof/85' f asy its length by simply .connecting-up pmore 2 v heating sections.

A'icast iron dome fplaced'liatrthe-top ot' the sections Where a plurality vofheatingff units yare "placed side-by-side. Nuts'O iat ,the

upper endsfof the-clamping bolts18 rest in'y seats-Q51 `formed inthe dome 49, as shown Ai'n Figures 1-=-and8.= Nipple receiving` seats -52 bv the superimposed 'sections-29 and 40.

y'lllthile Ii'haveshownfthe sections 29 and'4'0 disposed. in substantially* .horizontal positions,H it 'is to bel understood thatfforffcertain l purposes they may be assembled in substan- A relief valye `59 is provided onthe dome.

"A pressure gaugev 60 isl providedatthefront faceof; the drurnfandy a w'ater gauge (il carried by the front Wall of the dome. kAtuel i,

vregulator (S2-:is connected with thefiuid in the Vdome 49. Y Wheresteam isfgeneratedin ythe heater, the regulatorj62 is operated by pres-V sure. Vhere hot-vvateronly is-'utilized the regulator 62 may operate' on other thermal vperature-'offtheffluid j-lin 'the drum becomes excessive-E1n 'the case ofsteiamgthe temperais heatedexteriorly xture kof the fiuid is indicated by'thefsteam pressure.; Referxi to 'Figure 6, where a single '.width heating unit is utilized,` a cylindrical L tank or boiler 64 is mounted on top of the fheating sections ,in lieu of thevcast dome lshown in the other modifications of the invention.

The ends kof the cylindrical boiler are closed .gy plates 54 welded thereto. As shown in igure 7, the plates 54 extend beyond the top oftlieboilery 64 and have inwardly ex` tendin `flanges 55. The flanges 55 are utiA or supporting insulating materialV Alined y, hereinafter described.v Spaces 56 are. pro- *vided forthe passage of gases between the bottomf of ,theplates 54' and the outerv ends .of the sections. If necessary the platesf54 f may be recessed below the bottom of the boiler 64,to provide the s aces. The heated gas and roducts.. of `com ustion pass around the iler tothe stack 64a r,instead of passingy gasbestos is .laminated in aplurality yof, directions tov provide lair cells therein. Inside the asbestos layer 66 there isa layer 67 of asbestos board. The layer vbears directly against the ears .thereby enclosing ythe heater. The insulating liningat` the top of `the heater in whichthe cast dome is' -em`- ,plo ed rests directly on the dome, and in the m v ifed yform in which the' boiler is employed the lining is spaced therefrom and rests on the flanges 55, asshown inFigure7.

The connectionsjbetween the regulator 62 and the burners, piloty and vent 'lights' are shown in Figures 3 and 5. f Where gas is used as a fuel, a pressure regulator 70 is provided in a gasmam for supplying gasat a definite y pressure to the heater.

a plunger 76 on the regulator'62 operates for' turning the lever 74 about a fulcrum 77. c The lunger 7 6 constitutes an element of the reguator62. Accordingly, when the plunger 76 is raised eitherv by steam pressure inthe re lator 62 or bythe operation of some, ot err form of thermalresponsive device, the lever .where it is consumed,rather than 74 is moved in a counterr clockwise direction,

asl shown in Figure 3, to close the valve 72 thereby cutting `of or reducin the supply o fuel to the burners 6. When t e pressure exerted by the plunger 76 decreases, the lever is turned in a clockwise direction by the weight to again open the valvey 72.

rFor operating the dempers 25 simultane- .ouslywith kthe valve 72, a md80 is connected to the lever 74. The rod 80 is connected to y one arm of a bell crank 81 mounted on one of `the rods 26. The other arm of the bell crank Slis connected by a link I82 to an arm 83 on an adjacent rod26. The number of rods 25a controlled by the bell cranks 81 may be varied as desired by simply increasing the number of'connecting links 82. Upon the de- Upon the end of the leveri 74 being again raised, they cranks are rotated :to open the dempers 25.

. The pilot lights 12 are connectedby a pipe line to the pipe line 71 behind the valve y72, thereby insuring a continuous suppl of fuel to thev ilot lights independently o the operation o the valve 72. The vent pipe ,15 is directly connected kto the pressure regulator 70 for permitting the esca of gas therefrom and conveying the escape gas to a ilot light ing liberated in the building. Y

yWhile I haveshown and described the present preferred embodiment it is to be understood that it may be, otherwise embodiedy without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims. I claim: 1 f

. 1. A heating device comprising a plurality i. of sections, each section comprising a plurality of parallel tubes and connecting webs between and runningwith the tubes, said webs having openings formed therein f 2. A heating device comprising a plurality of sections, each section comprising a plurality of parallel tubes and connectingv webs between and running with the tubes, said webs `having openings formed therein, and the openings in succcessive webs being arranged in staggered relation.y

3. A heating device comprising a plurality of horizontally extending sections, each section comprising a plurality of .parallel tubes and connecting vwebs between and running with the tubes, said webs having openings formedvtherein, the openings in said webs being staggered longitudinally of the sections.

4. A heating device comprising a pluralit yof sections, each sectioncomprisinsr a plura ity of tubes and connecting webs having openings formed therein, the tubes in successive sections being oiset in one direction and openings in the webs being offset another direction, whereby a column of.y gas traversing l theheater is caused to Yary its movement inn a plurality` of directions.V

5. A heating device'omprising a plurality of Sections, each section comprising tubes and connecting Webs having openings therein, :the

tubes in adjacent' sections being oHset'later-K ally ofthe heating device,and thefopenings in adjacent sections beingoffset'longitudL,

m'rnally of the heating device.`

6. A unit forV a heater, comprisingfan integral'sectionhaving header portions formed in; the Aends` thereof" with openings `for iuid connections7 parallel 'tubular portions conneeting the header portions,iand horizontal. perforated Websrunning vvith"and connectingv the tubular portions.

7 Ajunitary sectionfor ahe'ater, compris-Vy ing header portions, parallel tubular portions connecting the header portions,` horizontal perforated webs runningwith andconnecting i the tubular` portions, and projecting portions y my hand.y

oncertain of the tubular portions for provid-k ing fluid communication with another section adjacent 'one edgeithereo'f. v

n Intestimony whereofI have hereunto `set THOMAS n. LANDVOIGT. 

